Topics
- Consumer Protection
- Digital Financial Services
- Enabling Environment
- Governance
- Policy, Regulation and Government Initiatives
- Responsible Digital Finance
- Responsible Product Design and Delivery
Regions
This brief outlines the history of digital ID within the Kenyan context, capturing citizens’ concerns about participating in a new ID system that lacks transparency and accountability, fails to address existing challenges, and appears to offer little or no added user value in a context of high digital adoption and market-led digital innovation.
It also examines the conditions and contexts necessary for digital public infrastructure (DPI) interventions to deliver meaningful benefits to citizens. While Kenya’s DPI journey may be unique, it raises broader questions about DPI specific to countries with low trust in state capacity environments– questions we must address to ensure these systems are responsible and generate positive outcomes.
Digital ID is a crucial layer of DPI, often seen as essential for meeting documentation requirements and facilitating access to affordable digital financial services. In Kenya, a country that has led innovation in digital financial services, the government is rolling out a new digital ID, the Maisha Namba, which some view as a significant step in the country’s broader DPI journey. However, others express strong skepticism and frustration, citing poor past experiences with government digitalization efforts and concerns about potential risks, such as exclusion, misuse, and ineffective investments.
DPI has the potential to enhance the design and delivery of digital financial services, improving consumers’ experiences and outcomes. While countries like India and Brazil have become models of successful and scalable DPI in emerging markets, success in delivering meaningful benefits to citizens can vary by country depending on factors such as state capacity, accountability, and rule of law. More research is needed to understand the safeguards and conditions under which DPI can be meaningful and beneficial to all.